![]() ![]() This process is done by another enzyme carried in the virus called integrase. ![]() That is, it must be inserted into the large DNA molecules in the cell (the chromosomes). After this DNA copy is produced and is free in the nucleus of the host cell, it must be incorporated into the genome of the host cell. It is carried out by one of the enzymes carried in the virus, called reverse transcriptase. The process of producing a DNA copy from an RNA molecule is termed reverse transcription. This RNA molecule from the retrovirus must produce a DNA copy from its RNA molecule before it can be integrated into the genetic material of the host cell. When a retrovirus infects a host cell, it will introduce its RNA together with some enzymes, namely reverse transcriptase and integrase, into the cell. The genetic material in retroviruses is in the form of RNA molecules, while the genetic material of their hosts is in the form of DNA. The trigger releases the DNA from that of the host and employs it to create new viruses. The virus reproduces as the cell does and does not inflict bodily harm until it is triggered. Lysogenic viruses integrate their DNA into the DNA of the host cell and may live in the body for many years before responding to a trigger. Shortly after inserting its DNA, viruses of the lytic cycle quickly produce more viruses, burst from the cell and infect more cells. There are two main types of virus infection: lytic and lysogenic. Others penetrate the cell membrane disguised as protein molecules and enter the cell. Some types of viruses insert their genome into the host's cytoplasm, but do not actually enter the cell. The host cell will carry out these instructions and produce additional copies of the virus, leading to more and more cells becoming infected. This genetic material contains basic 'instructions' of how to produce more copies of these viruses, hacking the body's normal production machinery to serve the needs of the virus. All viruses bind to their hosts and introduce their genetic material into the host cell as part of their replication cycle. ![]()
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